spiritual

英['spɪrɪtʃʊəl;-tjʊəl] 美['spɪrɪtʃʊəl]

复数: spirituals;副词: spiritually;

spiritual 精神的，灵魂的，心灵的

spirit,精神，灵魂，-al,形容词后缀。

spiritual (adj.): c. 1300, "of or concerning the spirit" (especially in religious aspects), from Old French spirituel, esperituel (12c.) or directly from a Medieval Latin ecclesiastical use of Latin spiritualis "of or pertaining to breath, breathing, wind, or air; pertaining to spirit," from spiritus "of breathing, of the spirit" (see spirit (n.)). Meaning "of or concerning the church" is attested from mid-14c. Related: Spiritually. An Old English word for "spiritual" was godcundlic.
In avibus intellige studia spiritualia, in animalibus exercitia corporalia [Richard of St. Victoror (1110-1173): "Watch birds to understand how spiritual things move, animals to understand physical motion." - E.P.]
spiritual (n.): "African-American religious song," 1866, from spiritual (adj.). Earlier "a spiritual thing" (1660s).

1. Chen was an initiate of a Chinese spiritual discipline.: 陈是某个中国神学领域的新入门者。

2. The spiritual leader charged that the book blasphemed against Islam.: 宗教领袖指责该书亵渎了伊斯兰教。

4. A man in priestly clothes offered spiritual guidance.: 一位身着牧师袍服的男子进行了宗教布道。